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　　读懂命题人的命题思维，在雅思阅读中才能尽可能的得心应手。照应关系在雅思阅读中出题点较多。下面我们来详细了解一下：

　　照应(Reference)指用代词等语法手段表示的语义关系。 英语中的照应分为3类：人称照应、指示照应和比较照应。其中较难的是分句照应(Clausal Reference)。分句照应指的是某些词语的所指对象不是词或者短语，而是分句、句子、句子组合，甚至一个完整的语篇。可以用做分句照应的词语分为以下 3 类。

　　(1)here，it，this 等词汇既可用于前照应，又可用于后照应。

　　(2)that，(the)above，the foregoing 等只用于前照应。

　　(3)as follows，the following，below，thus 等仅用于后照应。

　　这一语言现象常常是命题点。

　　Example:

　　It looks as if it came straight from the set of Star Wars. It has four‐wheel drive and rises above rocky surfaces. It lowers and raises its nose when going up and down hills. And when it comes to a river, it turns amphibious: two hydrojets power it along by blasting water under its body. There is room for two passengers and a driver, who sit inside a glass bubble operating electronic, aircraft‐type controls. A vehicle so daring on land and water needs windscreen wipers—but it doesn’t have any. Water molecules are disintegrated on the screen’s surface by ultrasonic sensors.