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托福写作技巧:如何选词

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用词不准确是我们的同学们在托福写作中最常犯的一个毛病。许多同学的作文中反复大量的goodterribleseenicekindgreatlythinkknowsomething等词汇。这些词本身并没有问题,是英语常用词,但是它们表达的意思过于模糊,很多情况下,应该使用意义更加准确的词。

 

考生们在写作考试中经常使用这几个词会给人以表达形式单调,词汇量贫乏,文章缺乏感染力的印象。下面的一些例子,通过换用一、两个准确生动的词语或是运用一些固定搭配及习语就使整个句子增色不少。

 

Original The use of drugs has increased greatly in the last ten years

 

Revised The use of drugs has increased significantly in the last ten years

 

分析:

 

greatly是一般用语,表示程度高,“很,非常”,使用相当普遍而没有新意,在写作中应尽量避免使用这些通俗而又陈旧的词汇,应换用一些更加正式,更有说服力的词语,例如significantly表示达到了非常重要的或可观的程度,“重大的,可观的”,能够具体说明药品使用方面,增长幅度巨大。significantly还可以替换成considerablytremendously等,同样具有不错的表达效果。

 

Original Science and technology have greatly influenced our lives and our society is changing very rapidly

 

Revised Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented

 

分析:

 

greatlyrapidly属于常用词,表示程度高、速度快,这样的词在表达效果上不够具体,缺乏说服力,在修改后的句子中用了pervade every aspect of our lives就具体生动地表现出科技的影响力到底有多大,其影响力已渗透到我们生活的方方面面,at a speed which is quite unprecedented意为“以一种前所未有的速度”,形象地道出了变化速度之快。

 

Original Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other peoples feelings and learn to be kind

 

Revised Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other peoples feelings and learn to be considerate

 

分析:

 

addkind表达的含义都比较宽泛。add可以指数量上的增加,也可以指程度的加强,对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思,用enrich会使表达更准确。kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”,用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样,原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点,要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate

 

Original Young people tend to think that real life is as nice and interesting as it is in the novels and movies, while more experienced adults think this kind of naive daydream will only be destroyed by later experiences and every one should learn to get used to common everyday life

 

Revised Young people tend to think that real life is as dramatic and fascinating as it is in the novels and movies, while more experienced adults think this kind of naive daydream will only be destroyed by later experiences and every one should learn to get used to tedious everyday life

 

亮点评析

 

niceinterestingcommon都属于普通词汇,用到句子中也显得平淡苍白。nice的意思是“好的,令人愉快的”,interesting是“有趣的”,这两个词都不能准确地描绘出年轻人所憧憬的美好生活,句中想表达的是年轻人认为生活如同小说、电影一般充满戏剧变化,激动人心,要体现这层含义应该用dramaticfascinatingdramatic表示“刺激的,戏剧性的,给人深刻印象的”,fascinating表示“具有强烈吸引力的,迷人的,使人神魂颠倒的”,这两个词的程度要比nice

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