Synesthesia:通感
定义:是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。
例子:Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested.
有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应吞下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。
理解:书是“尝”不出味道的,也是不能“吃”下去将其“消化”掉的。这里把读书中的精读和泛读,阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受,用味觉功能和消化功能来表示,心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。
rhetorical repetition:重复
定义:在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。
例子:
1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.
它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。
2、 Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.
因为优良的医疗技术和外科手术意味着更快地治疗病人,更少痛苦,更少不安,更少死亡,更少疾病,和更少残废。
Metonymy:借代
定义:指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
例子:
1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them.
几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
“word”在这里代替了“news, information”(消息、信息)
2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”. 艾尔用眼睛说,“是的”。
“说”应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”。
Onomatcpocia:拟声
定义:是指摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。
例子:
1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.
在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。
2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.
她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀。
Alliteration:头韵法
定义:在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感.
例子:How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.