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sarcasm:讽刺

定义：It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage ,ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked

例子：

1.Laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies ,but let wasps break through

法律就像是蜘蛛网，只能抓住小飞虫，轻易让大黄蜂一冲即破。

2.Behind every successful man, there is a woman. And behind every ， unsuccessful man , there are two.

每个成功男人的背后,都有一个女人. 每个不成功男人的背后, 都有两个.

rhetorical question:反问句

定义：a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered a question to which no answer is required: used it for dramatic or emphasis effect

设立一个不需要回答的问题，以起到戏剧或者强调的效果

例子：

1.Did you help me when I needed help?

在我需要的时候，你帮助过我吗?

2.Did you once offer to intercede in my behalf?

你曾经理解支持过我吗?

Pun:双关语

定义：The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect.

用一个词去暗示两种或两种以上的意义或引起不同的联想，或者用两个或两个以上发音相同或相近而意义不同的词，以产生一种幽默效果。)

例子：

1.Mother: Your hair needs cutting badly.

Daughter: I think it needs cutting nicely, it was cut badly last time .

(badly: a. 非常; b. 坏)

2.Judge: Tell me why you parked there.

Driver: Because, Your Honor, it said “Fine for Parking”

(fine: a. 好的; b. 罚款)

oxymoron：矛盾的修辞

定义：A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined

在修辞中使用不协调或前后矛盾的方法

例子：1.The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷

2.She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile.她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信

hyperbole：夸张

定义：A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect通过夸张的描述达到某种修辞效果，

例子：

1.My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my girl friend’s voice on the phone.从电话里听到我女朋友的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。

2.She gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.她给我的印象是：她有一口洁白整齐的大牙，为数之多已超过任何实际需要

延伸阅读：

SAT写作备考计划——熟悉题目、总结素材和练习

SAT写作素材——经典谚语

SAT写作效率如何提升

更多阅读资料：
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