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1. Reading maps involve several abilities, including the ability to locate places, to ascertain directions, to measure distances, and to interpret the mapmaker’s symbols.

　　(A) involve

　　(B) involves

　　(C) will involve

　　(D) has involved

　　(E) have involved

2.All of the ingredients for Pablo’s secret chocolate chip cookie recipe,which included the special dark chocolate, was available in his mother’s pantry.

　　(A) which included the special dark chocolate, was

　　(B) which included the special dark chocolate, they were

　　(C) including the special dark chocolate that was

　　(D) including the special dark chocolate, being

　　(E) including the special dark chocolate, were

3.The modern recreational canoe closely resembles the Native American bark canoe in shape, length, weight, and carrying capacity, differing only in the materials of which they are made.

　　(A) they are made

　　(B) they make them

　　(C) they made it

　　(D) it is made

　　(E) its making

Explanation

1.The correct answer is B

Choice (B) is correct. It avoids the subject-verb agreement error of the original by providing a singular verb, “involves,” for the singular subject, “Reading.”

2.The correct answer is E

Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the subject-verb agreement error of the original by replacing the singular verb “was” with the plural verb “were” to agree with the plural subject “All.” It also provides the present participle “including” to avoid any potential ambiguity associated with the relative pronoun “which.”

3.The correct answer is D

Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the pronoun error of the original by using the singular pronoun “it” to refer appropriately to the singular noun “The modern … canoe.”

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