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托福写作中如果分词使用得当,那么,我们的写作成绩就不可能会低。我们要在写作中善于使用分词来提分,下面我们就详细的介绍下如何使用分词:
1、用分词替换定语从句时,分词的逻辑主语就是定语从句前的先行词。
如现在分词:
We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the building. (... the bridge which connects/connected the two halves...)
前一句中的分词connecting的逻辑主语是the bridge,和后一句中定语从句先行词the bridge, 两者一致。
试比较:
The man who Tim is meeting for lunch is from Taiwan.
此句的定语从句who Tim is meeting for lunch不可用分词结构替换,即绝不能改成:The man Tim meeting for lunch is from Taiwan. 因为分词meeting的逻辑主语并不是定语从句先行词the man,而是Tim,所以这是完全错误的说法。
又如过去分词:
The issue that club members are being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase.
绝不可改成:The issue club members being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase.分词being asked的逻辑主语是club members,并不是定语从句先行词the issue。
2、表因果
表因果,即当分词所指行为或事件引发了主句所指的事件或行为,可以替换定语从句。
比较:
A. The snow which fell overnight has turned to ice. (不可改为The snow falling overnight...)只表先后,不表因果
B. The snow which fell overnight has caused traffic chaos. (可以用分词The snow falling overnight has caused traffic chaos.)又先后,表因果。
3、用分词时,不表动作先后,表伴随状态
用分词时,不表动作先后,表伴随状态。如: The girl who fell over on the ice broke her arm. (不可改成The girl falling over on the ice broke her arm.)瞬间性行为动词fell over 和broke 有先后。 比较:I pulled off sheets which covered the furniture. 表状态伴随的动词cover,替换成分词....sheets covering the furniture.
4、情态动词做谓语的定语从句,不可用分词替换
情态动词做谓语的定语从句,不可用分词替换。如:There are a number of people who should be asked.
想要在写作中写出灵活多变的句式,就要在掌握各种句型的同时,能够做到熟练应用,大家在备考的时候要注意多多练习,打好基础。祝大家顺利透过考试。
延伸阅读:
托福独立写作建议——把握好托福独立写作重要的因素
托福写作如何巧妙结尾(二)
与《柴静:穹顶之下》雾霾纪录片有关的话题写作(一)
更多阅读资料:
/guide/cgpx/tf.html